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Marine Life Encyclopedia

Cephalopods, Crustaceans, & Other Shellfish

American Oyster

Crassostrea virginica

Distribution

Sub-tropical to temperate latitudes of the western Atlantic Ocean

ECOSYSTEM/HABITAT

Soft bottoms

FEEDING HABITS

Filter feeder

TAXONOMY

Class Bivalvia (clams, oysters, and relatives), Family Ostreidae (true oysters)

The American oyster, also known as the Eastern oyster, is a keystone species found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. These bivalves play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by filtering water, providing habitat for marine life, and supporting coastal economies through fisheries and aquaculture. 

American oysters typically grow up to 3 to 5 inches in length and have cupped, oval shells that can range in color from gray to brown. They start their life as tiny, free-floating larvae, but soon attach to one place where they will develop their hard shells and live for the rest of their lives. Multiple oysters typically settle together, forming dense reef structures that create essential habitat for a variety of marine species, including fish, crabs, and other invertebrates. Oysters are filter feeders, capable of filtering up to 50 gallons of water per day. By removing excess nutrients, sediment, and pollutants from the water, they help improve water clarity and overall ecosystem health.  

Despite their ecological and economic importance, American oysters face significant threats. Overharvesting and habitat loss have degraded reefs and led to population declines in many areas, particularly where sustainable management practices are lacking. Once a reef is damaged, it can take decades for a reef to recover. Pollution that impacts water quality can also weaken oyster shells, increase diseases, and reduce their food availability. 

Protecting and restoring oyster habitat is critical to the survival of this species. The oceans cover more than 70% of the planet, yet only about 8% of them are currently protected. Oceana campaigns to safeguard marine habitats as well as to promote responsible fishing policies around the world.  

This page is sponsored by Beatbot, an Oceana corporate partner. Just as American oysters naturally filter and improve the health of our coastal waters, Beatbot helps keep swimming pools crystal clear. 

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