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Harbor Seal

Harbor seals are a common sight along the coasts of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans, in part due to their habit of lounging on rocks and beaches to rest and warm up in the sun. But the water is where they thrive – they can even swim as soon as they’re born!

 

These seals are found throughout coastal waters in the northern hemisphere. Their coat color can vary, but they often sport one of two patterns: tan or gray fur with dark spots or dark fur with light-colored rings. Adults typically measure about 1.5-1.8 meters (5-6 feet) long and weigh between 80-130 kilograms (180-285 pounds). They are strong swimmers, capable of holding their breath for up to 30 minutes and swimming at birth. They feed on a wide variety of prey, including fish, shellfish, octopus and squid, and crustaceans. These seals also have a playful side and are known to play both by themselves and with objects like kelp.

While they tend to stay by themselves in the water, harbor seals do come ashore, or ”haul out”, in groups. Hauling out allows seals to regulate their body temperature, rest, interact with other seals, and avoid predators like sharks and killer whales. Because they cannot walk on land, they move by flopping along on their bellies, undulating their bodies.

 

 

Harbor seals are classified as “Least Concern” by IUCN Red List, but they still do face some human-caused threats. 

Pollution 

Because their coastal range is so close to human populations, harbor seals can be exposed to water contaminants like microplastics, chemicals, and oil. These substances can accumulate in the seals, impacting their health. Oil spills can also have more immediate impacts and can be fatal. 

Fishing 

Harbor seals may become entangled in a wide range of fishing gear, leading to injury or death. Seals can drown in fishing gear if they become trapped underwater and cannot escape. Additionally, overfishing may impact their prey availability.

 

 

The harbor seal is protected throughout its range by the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Legislation like this is critical to protecting marine life from known and emerging threats, which is why Oceana campaigns to ensure important conservation legislation remains in place and stays strong. We also campaign to prevent non-targeted animals, like seals, whales, and sea turtles, from being unintentionally caught up in fishing gear. Learn more about our work here.

 

 

 

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